Tour Operators Influence on Hotels in Mallorca

Tour Operators Influence on Hotels in Mallorca Introduction Tourism is rooted in the history of ancient civilisations. Over the years, the industry has grown to become one of the most lucrative sectors for the generation of foreign revenues in many nations. Franscesco Frangialli, the WTO secretary-general, posits, Tourism at the turn of the century is growing faster than even our most optimistic predictions, which continuously simulate its development worldwide (Rita, 2010, p.435).Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Tour Operators Influence on Hotels in Mallorca specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The economic development of the Balearic Islands is strongly dependent on the inflow of tourists. Mallorca stands out as one of the biggest islands among the Balearic Islands in Spain with many three-star and five-star hotels. At present, governmental organisations and private companies attempt to find ways of attracting people from foreign countries to the Balearic Is lands. Amongst these organisations, tour operators organisations influence the nature and magnitude of inflow of tourists into the Balearic Islands. Literatures on factors affecting tourism attractions mainly focus on infrastructural development, the presence of natural or cultural sites, and the development of the tourism industry among others factors, thus leaving out the roles of travel agencies insufficiently addressed. For instance, some studies highlight why a certain place can attract the attention of travel agencies without showing the impacts of the agencies on the hospitality facilities such as hotels. This challenge is aggravated by the inadequate or even lack of data showing how these organisations shape the development of tourist destinations. This study seeks to close this gap by restricting its concerns to the impacts of tour travel operators on hotels in Mallorca. Consequently, this study examines how the power of tour operators influences various hotels in Mallorca. This interrogative presents practical implications. Precisely, the determination of influence of the power of tourists travel on hotels in Mallorca is important in the development of strategic plans, which are consistent with the considerations addressed by various tour travel operators in recommending various accommodation facilities for their clients. Aims and objectives The inflow of tourists within a given geographical region is influenced by factors such as political, state of economic development, and even social factors. One important factor that is not significantly studied, which guides the objective for conducting this research, is the power of tour travel operators. Researchers in the hospitality industry focus on the mechanisms of increasing the popularity of certain tourist destinations. Indeed, several studies have aimed at examining the factors that affect the development of the tourism industry (Izquierdo-Yusta MartÄ ±nez-Ruiz, 2011, p.77). While appreciating the significance of these factors in influencing hotels in Mallorca, the main aim of the current research is examining the influence of travel agencies on various hotels in Mallorca.Advertising Looking for dissertation on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This study has two main objectives, viz. To use primary data to demonstrate the impacts and influences of tour travel operators on hotel bookings in Mallorca. To study positive and negative impacts of the above influences coupled with how they affect anticipated service value by clients seeking hotel bookings. Research questions Research questions help in setting the stage for a study. They act as guides into what qualitative and quantitative research seeks to achieve (Cohen Crabtree, 2008, p.332). Two research questions consistent with the objectives of this research are investigated in this study as follows: Do tour travel operators in Mallorc a help in the creation of preconception and anticipations about the quality of services offered at hotels? What factors, specific and unspecific to hotels, do tour travel operators consider when recommending a hotel facility to a tourist? Literature Review Travel operators are involved in direct communication with potential hotels clients in various tourists attractions sites. The first section of this literature review offers a discussion of the likely impacts of such communication on the quality of services anticipated by clients on arrival at Mallorca. In the second part, disparate literatures on selection of destination sites for promotion by tour travel agencies are considered since this element also influences the places where tourists seek accommodation and other related services. The principle focus of the research rests on the roles of tour travel operators on hotel branding a term coined from the wider contribution of tour travel agencies in destination branding (Jalilva nd, Esfahani Samiei, 2010, p. 235). In the third section, literature gap prompting the necessity for conducting the proposed research is discussed coupled with the practical implication of the research sealing such gaps. Examination of the past research on the influence of tour operators on hotels seeks to identify the impacts of the operators on specific tourists destinations. Consequently, in the identification of the literature gaps, a discussion of appropriateness of selection of Mallorca as a research geographical segment is also considered. Tour travel agencies take part in the formation of the clients perceptions and attitudes toward a certain tourist site, recreational, or hospitality facilities. In many cases, buyers pay attention to the reputation of a travel agency (Ferencov, 2012, p. 309). Consequently, they can significantly increase the popularity of a hospitality facility (Denvir McMahon, 2009). This assertion suggests that tour travel agencies contribute to the rat e of inflow of tourists into a given hospitality industry within a given tourist destination geographical region. Stemming from their mode of operation, tour travel operators are service companies acting as an intermediary between tourists and other hospitality institutions such as hotels, airlines, restaurants, or cruise liners.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Tour Operators Influence on Hotels in Mallorca specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These organisations provide information to clients about particular tourist destinations. Therefore, they are responsible for the Mallorca destination branding. This aspect implies that they take active roles in the development and communication of the value that a certain tourist destination can bring to a client (Tsiotsou Goldsmith, 2012, p. 52). The power of tour travel in influencing hotels and destinations selection Tour travel operators make considerations on various factors while selecting tourist destinations for promotion. These factors include the presence of natural or cultural sites, climate, and service industry in a particular region, infrastructure, and security (PrebeÃ… ¾ac Mikulić, 2008, p. 170; Blzquez, Molina, Esteban, 2012, p. 167). This observation suggests that tour travel operators are incredibly interested in destinations that would satisfy clients in terms of both desired comforts and perceptions of security. Mariutti, de MouraEngraciaGiraldi, and Crescitelli (2013, p.17) note that the governments of developing countries are extremely concerned about the attitudes of travel agencies as they can influence the decisions of customers. In this context, tour travel operators help clients in learning more about various characteristics of a tourist destination. Where perceptions of insecurity are high, hospitality facilities such as hotels located in such destinations are also likely to receive low number of bookings (Holloway , 2008). A study conducted by Mihajlović (2012) suggests that tour travel operators have the capacity to affect the choices of consumers profoundly by highlighting the advantages of going to particular destinations. One of such issues encompasses the provision of complete guides on various hotels coupled with services offered in them. This move aids clients in making informed decisions or making prior psychological preparations on what to expect. In a bid to avail information on the services offered at the hospitality facilities located in various tourists destination within a nation, tour travel operators conduct an evaluation of the service industry in a certain destination (Budeanu, 2012, p.15). In this sense, Denvir and McMahon (2009) argue that these organisations are the major intermediaries between customers and service providers. Budeanu (2012) adds that clients are likely to put trust in the recommendations or assessments offered by travel agencies. Therefore, their con tribution in influencing the clients perceptions at Mallorca hotels is inevitable for consideration by any hotels management and strategic decision makers. Research conducted by Buhalist (2000) found out that distribution channels, especially travel agencies, affect the performance of many hospitality organisations. The study suggests the hospitality organisations need to accept the power of travel agencies in influencing their operations. In fact, tour travel agencies, through their assessment reports on hospitality organisations in tourists destinations, reduce the perceived risk expected by clients (Buhalist, 2000, p.115).Advertising Looking for dissertation on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This argument agrees with Budeanus (2012) assertion that tour travel operators facilitate communication between customers and service suppliers in the tourists destinations. If this link is absent, a client is not likely to go to a certain tourist destination. Buhalist (2000, p. 136) notes that the competitive positioning of a hotel depends on its cooperation with tour operators. This role of the tour operators in influencing the clientele in the hospitality facilities in the tourists attraction destinations becomes important in the information age. Many consumers rely on the Internet to acquire information about various resorts, tourist sites, or airlines (Mihajlović, 2012, p. 153). Very often, clients use the websites of travel agencies. The information provided on the travel agencies websites is instrumental in influencing the clients hotel selection and bookings. The Mallorca Island is located in the Mediterranean Sea. Studies on factors influencing choices for tourists wish ing to travel in the region are also important in the development of strategic decision making by hoteliers in the region. In one such researches, Izquierdo-Yusta and MartÄ ±nez-Ruiz (2011, p. 78) note that tour travel operators facilitate the clients search for information. They help customers and suppliers in establishing mutual trust (Izquierdo-Yusta MartÄ ±nez-Ruiz, 2011, p. 80). In addition, tourist destinations in the Mediterranean region are not likely to enjoy popularity when travel agents fail to pay attention to them in their promotional strategies. Tour-travel operator organisations can demonstrate that certain hospitality organisations are suitable for various types of clients differing in terms of income level, marital status, interest, and values among other tastes and preferences. Therefore, tour travel operators can increase performance of hotels located in a particular tourist destination. Tour operators can increase or decrease hotels services demand. Irrespecti ve of the industry in which an organisation operates, increased performance ensures longer existence of an organisation in a competitive market. Therefore, in the hotels sub-sector of the hospitality industry, performance is an essential tool for the evaluation of the ability of an organisation to remain in business in both short-term and long-term. According to Beechler and Woodward (2010, p.275), profit-making organisations deploy profitability levels as measures of their performance. In this extent, profitability encompasses a desired organisational output, which can be affected by the tour operators through their recommendations on hospitality organisations meeting tastes and preferences of specific clients. In Mallorca, it is desirable that hotels indentify all factors that may affect their profitability. One of such factors may encompass the reduction in service demand levels. Indeed, the lower the demand for services offered by a hotel, the lower the sales levels. Hence, the capacity to offset costs is reduced. Arguably, any variable or factor increasing demand for services offered by organisations in the hospitality organisations operating in tourism destinations may be positively received by hotels in Mallorca. As argued before, tour operators may influence the demand of services offered by different hotels in Mallorca with overall implication of affecting the performance of the hospitality industry. This assertion suggests that tour operators affect tourism destination hotels aspects defining their organisational performance. These aspects are financial performance (profits, return on assets and return on investment), product market performance (sales and market share), and shareholder return (total shareholder return and economic value added (Devinney Yip, 2009, p.529). In this sense, the standard approach of measuring performance in hotels entails setting targets for the desired outputs and then measuring the actual outputs against the targets. Ho tels can only set targets on a certain number of anticipated customers seeking accommodation and other services over given period. For reliable targets, the capacity of tour operators to influence the clientele in the hotels implies that the hotels need to establish good relationships with customers to increase their probability for promotion. Tour travel operators interact with various types of companies located in a particular tourist destination and in this process of interactions, they can increase international awareness about a certain destination. While interacting with hotels, they can increase inflow of travellers and higher number of rooms reservation by directing clients to the suitable hotels (Navickas Malakauskaite, 2009). Depending on the service satisfaction of a client visiting a hotel for the first time, service loyalty may develop. The client may also recommend another person to stay in a particular hotel or even consider seeking hospitality services from the hote l during his or her subsequent visits. This argument implies that tour travel operators may be pivotal in branding hotels in various travel sites including Mallorca. Research shows that the development of tourism is directly dependent on the degree to which tour operators are aware about a tourist destination and hospitality facilities. For instance, Ferencov (2012) indicates that in various European countries, at least 20 percent of the population relies on travel agencies while selecting a place for holidays (p. 311). The case of Balkan as discussed by Mulec and Wise (2012, pp.182-183) perhaps explains the roles played by tour travel operators in fostering inflow of clientele in the hospitality organisations located within a given tourist destination site. Balkan boasts many natural and cultural sites. However, these sites do not attract a great number of foreign tourists as tour operators and travel agents are not familiar with them (Mulec Wise, 2012). Hotels in different geogra phical regions compete to increase their market share. This aspect also applies to hotels in the Mediterranean islands, including Mallorca. Considering the roles played by tour travel agencies in influencing the performance of hotels located in various tourism destination sites, it may create the impression that only travel agencies affect their performance. Patsouratis et al. (2005, p. 1865) disputes this position by arguing that the exchange rate can be a powerful factor that shapes the purchasing decisions of clients. Burgess et al. (2011) maintain that the competiveness of the tourism industry depends on the ability of various organisations to make use of information technology to create consumer awareness (p. 221). This assertion suggests that despite relying on tour travel operators to create awareness of the services offered by hotels and other hospitality facilities within tourists attractions destinations, hotels can also deploy information technology tools to induce custom er awareness directly without depending on the tour travel operators. Roles of tour travel agencies in shaping hotel clients perceptions of service quality The literature review in the previous section indicates that tour travel operators play important roles in inducing service quality anticipations by potential clients to hotels within tourism destinations. In a bid to study the impacts of the information availed to customers on hotels and other hospitality facilities in any destinations including Mallorca, it is important to investigate scholarly evidence on impacts of customer-service satisfaction anticipations on hotels. Parasuraman et al. (1988) attempt to investigate perceptions of customer satisfaction anticipations coupled with hotel attributes. The research argues, Intangibility, inseparability, variability, and perishability of services degrees of customer satisfactions depend on their perceptions of service attributes and facilities (Parasuraman et al., 1988, p.31). In c onsideration of the attractiveness of a hotel for tourists, its attributes should then come first. They include quality of rooms, hotel reputation, and classification such as five-star or three-star, and the nature of service delivery to the customers (LeBlanck Nguyen, 1996). Tour travel operators mainly focus on ensuring that they direct their clients to the best facilities to enhance their reputations in comparison to other competing travel operators. Consequently, they prefer to associate themselves with the best hotels within a given tourism destination (Lew McKercher, 2006). This argument suggests that when selecting hotels to recommend clients, tour travel agencies are interested in the degree of satisfaction of customers while eating and accommodated in a hotel. Consistent with this assertion, Konecnik and Gartner (2007) believe that the performance of hotels is well conducted when evaluated by examination of their attributes. Gooroochurn and Sugiyarto (2009) also find this approach important. They conducted an extensive review of studies done between 1984 and 2000 on the attributes of hotels coupled with how the indentified attributes induce customer satisfaction. In the 173 hotels studied by 21 researches investigated by Gooroochurn and Sugiyarto (2009), hotel image, nature of rooms, nature of beverages, and foods influenced the customers satisfaction. Therefore, tour travel operators are more likely to engage in promoting hotels with these attributes as they help in associating the agencies with offering best services and satisfaction. Hudson and Miller (2011) indicate that the quality of communication between clients and hotels employees affects the satisfaction of clients in the hospitality industry. Indeed, organisations collaborating with hotels in tourism destinations only prefer establishing relationships with hotels appreciating and investing in good interpersonal communication between the hotels operators and clients. Customer satisfaction in the service industry is a function of the speed of service delivery. Employees in any organisation attend to customers. The nature and quality of service and products delivered determine the employees contribution in enhancing the competitive advantage of the organisations (Rust, Zeithaml Lemon, 2008; Philport Arbittier, 2010). This argument implies that organisations in the hospitality industry such as hotels may determine their preference rates or recommendations probability by tour travel operators through the degree of reported customer satisfaction with their services and products. Yelkur (2013) contends with this argument by adding that in the service sector organisations, quality is enhanced through the deployment of strategies for enhancing customer satisfaction with services, the utility of the service, and the speed of service delivery (p.110). Through their researches, tour travel operators have adequate information on various services attributes for any given hospit ality organisation in a given tourist destination. They deploy this information to rate different hotels and then base their accommodation advisories on the acquired data. The above discussion associates travel operators closely with the determination of hotels selected by clients well before the actual visit. However, there exists scholarly research suggesting that tour travel operators do not possess the principle power to determine the customers preferences for hotels within tourist attractions sites. For instance, Kau and Lim (2012, p.236) argue that leisure travellers served by hotels are more interested in the actual quality of service offered as opposed to the perceived quality as communicated to them by other parties such as tour travel operators. Wuest, Tas, and Emenheiser (2009) argue that leisure travellers consider clean, comfortable, well -maintained rooms, convenient location, prompt and courteous service, and safe and secure environment important when selecting a hote l for the first time (p.77). Although actual assessments on these factors may form strong motivation or de-motivation for seeking repeated services in a hotel, arguably, clients are not likely to try hotels without preconceived perception about the hotels likelihood to offer the best services. Choi and Raymond (2001) maintain that demonstrated courtesy, cleanness, security, and offering services commensurate to the service charges are important factors in determining the selection of hotels by tourists. This aspect is perhaps incredibly important for the Mallorca hotels and motels. Most clients for these two groups of organisations are mainly leisure travellers as evidenced by statistics from Datamonitor (2011) indicating that the Spanish hotels and motels industry had total revenues of $19,195.4 million in 2010, representing a compound annual rate of change (CARC) of 1% between 2006 and 2010 (p.9). The leisure segments accounted for US$17, 238.4 million in the entire hotels and mot el industrys value. If tour operators play roles in positively influencing the selection of the tourists destinations, then the hotels and motel industry in Spain will continue to contribute significantly to the national GDP. This argument makes sense considering that the performance of the industry is forecast to accelerate with an anticipated compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.2% for the five-year period 2010-2015, which is expected to drive the industry to a value of $22,430.1 million by the end of 2015 (Datamonitor, 2011, p.9). However, despite the ability of tour operators to create more awareness on the services and satisfactions of customers in the Mallorca destinations, it is also possible for the first-time experiences of the currently visiting tourists to foster this expected growth in the future by presenting good publicity about the services offered at the Spains motel and hotel industry. Although the arguments that the capacity of first experience with services off ered at a hotel can induce repeated booking may be convincing, awareness for existence of a hotel in the first place is important. Such awareness may emanate from a hotel or from collaborating agents such as tour travel organisations. Arguably, where the information is communicated in both ways, it is readily likely to convince potential clients to seek booking in such a hotel. Where tour travel operators back up brand positioning efforts of the hospitality organisations within a given tourist destination, the agency acts as an essential link between service producer (the hotels) and service consumers (tourists). Selwyn (2008) supports this assertion by claiming that tour operators constitute one of the most influential players in the hospitality industry. Data derived from the World Tourism Organisation (WTO) in year 2000 indicated that for over 663 million people who travelled abroad in 1999 spending US $453 billion on various tourism travel products and services, 80% of the trips used services of a tour operator (Budeanu, 2012, p.3). This realisation suggests that the tour operators also offered guides on the hospitality facilities to the largest proportion of people consuming tourist products coupled with services. Stemming from the above arguments, the dependency of international travellers on services offered by tour travel operators highlights the importance of consideration of their impacts on hotels in Mallorca. In this context, it also becomes important to examine whether tour operators are wholesalers of tourism services or producers of travel package (Budeanu, 2012, p.6). Although there is no scholarly agreement on this debate, tour operators take bulk information on available hospitality facilities and present it to clients. This way, they function as wholesalers while hotels operate as producers of services and products. With the emergence of two-way communication platforms permitting organisation to contact their customers directly, the roles of tour operators in the hotel industry is seemingly dwindling. In fact, according to Tapscott and Williams (2010) web 2.0 applications permit clients across the globe to make a hotel booking without seeking assistance from an intermediary organisation. However, arguably, tour operators cannot lose relevance in the hotels industry. Budeanu (2012) Support this line of thought by asserting, By buying in bulk, the operator takes from the producer the burden of selling products and absorbs the risk of having unsold products (p.7). For instance, where several hotels operate in one area, and are promoted by one tour operator, customers may consider all the hotels as offering state-of-art services simply by association with their trusted tour operator. This aspect minimises the degree of rivalry between organisations for fair distribution of hotel bookings. Tour operators minimise the time required by clients to track accommodation facilities to determine their appropriateness to meet the de sired comfort and utility. Denvir and McMahon (2009) note that tour operators offer various services including flight followed by transfer services such as offering guide on hotels bookings. This aspect implies that tour operators act as the link between a service producer, such as hotels, and the service consumer like tourists. The services offered by tour operators are incredible in helping clients to save valuable time and energy. Additionally, by buying in bulk, the tour operator gets better deals from the direct producers, which allows them to offer low prices for the entire packages, which are very hard to obtain by individual customer (Budeanu, 2012, p.6). Consequently, for reasons related to time coupled with price, the services of tour operators are inevitable in the hospitality industry. Effective functionality of the hospitality industry is dependent on the good fit between organisations operating in the industry and the tour operators. Budeanu (2012) amplifies this argu ment by adding that tour operators are important for both consumers of tourism products and services coupled with their producers. This importance emanates from contributions of tour operators in influencing decisions made by tourism products and service producers, which affects the process of evolution of hospitality markets (Budeanu, 2009). By engaging in the promotion of certain tourism attractions sites, tour operators can stir up the hospitality organisations promotional campaigns and positive customer perceptions about the quality of services offered in various hotels located within different tourism destinations. This way, tour operators function as means of placing products and services offered in the hospitality industry to their potential consumers. Stemming from the above discussion, tour operators are evidently distribution networks for tourism services and products. In the words of Lew and McKercher (2006), they are the main information channel through which the custome rs preferences reach producers and services reach markets (p.416). In the execution of this role, they can indentify levels and patterns of hotel demand coupled with supply, and influence the equilibrium through influencing the customer decision-making processes, especially on the most preferred destinations hotel selections. Hudson and Miller (2011) posit that the degree and threshold of influence provided by tour operators on processes of the decision-making process for hospitality service producer are amplified in transactional tourism (p.309). Mallorca hotel organisations belong to this category. Scholarly gaps in literature on the influence of tour operators in hotels Tour operators play significant roles in influencing the performance of organisations operating in the hospitality industry. However, no scholarly research focuses on specific roles played by operators in influencing the operations of hotels in the Mallorca Island. Nevertheless, in understanding the development an d growth pattern of the Mallorcas hospitality industry, the work of Datamonitor (2011) and Buswell (2011) are incredibly important. Datamonitor (2011) provides statistics on the expected growth in the hospitality industry with particular focus on the hotels and motel industry sub-sector. The statistics indicate that over 85 percent of the hotel and motels incomes are derived from leisure travellers with business travellers only making a contribution of less than paltry 15 percent (Datamonitor, 2011). However, Datamonitor (2011) does not provide any statistics on the percentage of incomes earned by hotels and motels in Spain through contributions of tour operators in drawing clientele into the hotel and motels. A scholarly gap emerges via the search of scholarly works on how tour operators affect the operations of hotels in Mallorca. The work of Buswell (2011) mainly focuses on the historical development of hotels in Spain. Research is constrained by various resources such as money a nd time. Consequently, it is important to restrain research to a small, but reliable geographical research segment. While studying the influence of tour operators in Spanish hotels, Mallorca is the most preferred geographical research, as about a quarter of all Spanish hotels are located in the Balearic island with three quarters of these hotels being situated in Mallorca (Buswell, 2011, p.140). Furthermore, Buswell (2011) notes that Mallorca has a persistent preference of three-star hotels despite recognition of the benefits accruing from economies of scale. He states that for Mallorca, by 2001, 55.2% of hotels were three-star, with 60.2% of all hotels places, by 2008, these figures were 52.8 percent and 58.2% respectively, showing that in this century this category has lost some ground (Buswell, 2011, p.140). Five-star hotels also emerged in 1988 in Mallorca and they received unparalleled public attention. Considering arguments developed before in the literature review, tour opera tors are likely to associate themselves with and promote hotels offering splendid services. This aspect may help in inducing customer satisfaction, thus leading to better rating for a given tour operator organisation. The continued persistence of the three-star hotels in Mallorca as stated by Buswell (2011) raises questions whether tour operators consider promoting hotels based on perceived customer service quality and value or actual service quality and value. In Mallorca, five-star hotels only accounted for 3.6 hotels market share by 2008 (Buswell, 2011, p.140). If tour operators promote collaboration of organisations, does it mean that in Mallorca they prefer promoting three-star hotels opposed to five-star hotels. Is the star rating for a hotel not a criterion for promotion? What specific factors do they consider when recommending a hotel in Mallorca for tourists? Apart from sealing the scholarly gap in the hotels industry studies in Mallorca defined by the needs to respond to t hese interrogatives, research is also necessary to determine the influence of tour operators in both three-star and five-star hotels in Mallorca. Sealing this gap has practical implications on the development of strategic plans for increasing performance of hotels operating in the Mallorca tourists destination. References Beechler, S., Woodward, C. (2010). The Global ‘War for Talent. Journal of International Management, 15(7), 273–285. Blzquez, J., Molina, A., Esteban, . (2012). Key quality attributes according to the tourist product. European Journal of Tourism Research, 5(2), 166-170. Budeanu, A. (2009). A Tour to Sustainability. Lund, Sweden: International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics. Budeanu, A. (2012). Impacts and Responsibilities for Sustainable Tourism: a Tour Operator’s Perspective. 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Satire Essay Main Rules, Topics, Examples

Satire Essay Main Rules, Topics, Examples How To Write A Satire Essay This article will guide you on how to write a satire essay in detail and will explain what a satire essay is as well as show you some examples. The text uses satire to make you understand its main objective. Assignments on this topic are known to be the most challenging for most students. In these kinds of essays, students need to show their expertise in content and subject area. Similarly, they should use humor to point absurdities found in our real-life situations . Although satire essays are full of humor, there are those without or minimal instances of humor. Most of them are expressed in a serious tone which shows that readers should take them seriously. There are advantages of writing these kinds of essays more so to those individuals wishing to master the art of writing. Once you have learned how to infuse irony, humor, and hyperbole, you will discover them not only being fun but also easy to write. Learning your Task Its crucial for you to understand every aspect of your writing assignment. You should be in a position to point out the following: If your homework intends to satirize a given cultural topic The length of the essay Our formatting guide will help you select the right format to use while writing your assignment. You might be in a dilemma not knowing whether to write your paper in first, second or third person point of view. For those who have never read satire essays before, you should consider reading the work of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal who is well known for these types of pieces. If you are wondering where to find them, then consider the site The Onion which usually deals with the topics in politics. While writing your assignment, incorporating satire enables you to write the essay in a first persons point of view. This makes you point out issues in the society especially those concerning society and culture. Using an example where this article points womens demeaning which is being explained by Trumps Hollywood tapes leaked information (Satire Essay, 2019). Meme proposing that female gender should not oppose what amen say suggest that they are annoyed by his utterances. This is clearly shown through the work of E.L. Jamess Fifty Shades of Gray showing a romantic relationship between female and male where the male is in total control and the woman is expected to submit to him. Topics of Satire Essay When writing a satire essay on any topics, its good to point out the significant events of culture and politics. The most common ideas you should consider while writing: Brexit Border Walls Hillary Clinton Mike Pence Donald Trump Barack Obama Tim Kaine Immigration reform A list of satirical topics is endless and if you are unsure of what to select contact our support team who are ready to help you any time. Brainstorming of Any Satirical Essay Any good essay writing process begins with brainstorming. Brainstorming is a useful tool for all essay writers that plays a significant role even in writing a satirical essay (Satire Essay, 2019). While there are familiar writing outlines employed in the initial stages of planning, there are other methods that work perfectly well when it comes to satire writing tasks. One of the tools that are commonly used and we like most is the use of a bubble map. A bubble map is a simple tool that would be used starting from elementary schools onwards. The tool associates words in line with your topic of interest. For instance, if you decide to write a bubble map for any prominent figure in the society say, Donald Trump, you will diversify and use words like businessman, father, married, adulterer, divorced, New York City, orange, billionaire, bombastic, real estate, and home alone. You can see from the above bubble map how those words bring out elements that are associated with Donald Trump. When it comes to descriptive essays on a dog, there would be some words in the middle like the name of that given dog (Satire Essay, 2019). When using the bubble map, you should be aware that the words you choose should not be your own words you decide to use while writing your essay. The words used should aid in exposing an issue and further directs on the ways of approaching it satirically. Thesis Statements in Satire Essays After deciding on the right topic, you should then come up with a good thesis statement for your essay. You may be wondering what a thesis statement is. Thesis Statement is merely a road map of your piece that is always one or two sentences. It helps your readers understand the primary objective of your essay. Regardless of your essay type, the structure of your thesis statement always remains the same except in satire essay where it differs slightly. In satire essays, it is different unlike situations when one is proposing a real idea. Below are some examples of Thesis Statements: To ensure the safety of your jewelry, you need to be conspicuous on it, ensure valuable jewelry is stored in a vault or deposit box that is safe, also, do not travel with excessive jewelry than (Author: Kim Kardashian-West) Having a successful marriage is extremely simple: you have to identify your second wife while married to your first wife and have more children with her before you get married. (Author: Brad Pitt) From the above examples, it is clear that the most satirical element in the essay is the individual writing it. Also, the target audience can be part of the satire. When Jimmy Carter wrote to Trump a letter informing him not to worry of offending women is satirical in a way since both Jimmy and Trump are respected figures in the United States of America.   The case of Bill Clinton is writing a letter to Barrack Obama to guide him on how to be a good husband while in the White House is Irony in itself. This is because Obama is well known for his excellence in family matters and he is perceived to be an excellent husband too. On the other hand, Bill had a lousy legacy as he had an affair outside marriage while in office. Finally, criticisms of Maddona of Lady Gaga of publicity or even Peter Rose Criticizing Tom utilize all aspects of double-satire. Resources for Satirical Essays A wide range of satirical essays is based on events happening in the current century. Though citing them directly may not be compulsory at the moment, it is essential for you to know the real facts and issues that are associated with a given situation (Satire Essay, 2019). It is even ironical for you to identify the satiric news sites. In this modern time, this would be much more difficult to notice concerning political context. To avoid all these troubles, you need to be careful while selecting your topic and ensure your sources are unbiased and academically reliable. It can be difficult finding a reliable source for your essay. To be sure you have the right sources, use the sources that are not more than three years old and from reputable publishers like newspapers, magazines, and .com and .org websites. However, you are free to use sources for more than three years old, but you should inform your readers of any change of information in the concerned period. Additionally, you might have been discouraged to use sources like Wikipedia, Britannica, and Encyclopedia while doing your writing assignments. The advice is good as these sources are not regarded as reliable sources in the scholarly world. However, do not allow the ban to prevent you from using the references (Satire Essay, 2019). They can give an excellent overview of your topic and give you resources you can research for further information.   Google scholar is another great search engine that gives you an opportunity to limit the kind of resources you want to look at. With the above search engine, you can find either academic or scholarly articles and would support you in finding the best academic and scholarly writing. Other generic sites like CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC are also good sources of information while writing satire essays. Also, you can make use of other local and major networks as they are good sources of news. The above news channels have programs that are not sources but are both social and political commentary. While using these shows, you need to be careful as they sometimes present information to the readers in a biased way or give unreliable information. As you write be aware of possible biased information especially when selecting your sources. Citing your Sources If you decide to incorporate all your resources in your satirical essay, you will have to cite all academic sources to back-up any claim you make on certain political styles. If your essay is based on actual dates, rare facts, and figures, you need to cite all your sources. In such cases, you will be directed on the formats to use, or you will have to decide on your own . The most commonly used academic citation styles for undergraduate students are the American Psychology Association (APA), modern language association (MLA), and Turabian or Chicago. Unless in your assignment there are clear instructions on the type of format to use, go for the writing style you understand best. Examples of Satire Essays As a student, its easy for you to digest a concept if you are given an example. Thus, our model will not only help you understand how you can write an amazing satirical essay but will also help you master how you can format your essays correctly. On our site, you will get an excellent satirical essay. Just fill in the order form. We hope that after reading our article on satire and using our provided examples, you will be more confident than before to confront any satire essay throughout your academic journey. Even after reading our article and examples you might still encounter challenges right from topic selection to completing your essay . Remember we are here for you. We have a complete team of tutors ready to help you in any challenge you encounter in your writing process from topic selection to writing a flawless piece. To get more insight, go to our website.

Economic Inequalities in The United States Research Paper

Economic Inequalities in The United States - Research Paper Example The wish of most Americans is to bring the economic equality to an end. The society has been involved in the search of the possible social solutions to the increased inequality. The possible solutions include reducing taxes on the income of the low class group, increased taxes on the wealth and income of the high class group and adjusting the social security tax. Social nature of the problem Economic inequality exists in the United States due individuals having varied amount of money, power or even prestige. This problem creates different social classes among the people. Individuals in higher classes enjoy higher income and have continued to accumulate their wealth, while the lower class individuals in the society incur higher rates of taxes on their low income. As inequality in terms of resources widens, individuals with more wealth have become powerful and are be able to attain their goals. They will be able to accomplish their vested interests at the expense of the lower social cl ass individuals. They are also influential in the society and are powerfully in making different decisions. Inequality in income results from several causes, some of these causes are relatively clear, others unknown and others are still under dispute. The basic cause of household income inequality at a structural level is variations in the yearly hours worked per household. It can be broken down into the product of the total number of workers, the yearly weeks worked and the weekly hours worked. This is a very significant factor among individuals in the lower class level. However, it remains minor among individuals who belong to the higher class. Beyond the total hours individuals have worked, income inequality arises out of; the variation of the income rates per hour and the income which has not been earned, these differences is mainly due to differences in the education level. Income inequality is common in the United States due to the variation of an individual position in terms of responsibility, its importance and the complexity. Income remains to be a common form of compensation. In most cases the market value is reduced by abundant supply hence, income is increased significantly by the possession of scarce skills. The most common source of income among the lower class individuals in America is not occupation but the government welfare. Causes of the problem There are several causes of economic inequality in the United States. These include; difference in the individual’s wealth and income, most individuals depends on the income they get from their jobs. Others however, benefits from both their job’s income and their wealth. The big problem is that those with higher sources of income get larger percentage of increase than those with little income. The wealthy are able to accumulate their wealth and income for several years unlike those with little income and no wealth. This creates a wide gap between the two groups of individuals. Those who are wealthy are in a position to vie for political offices and invest more money in order to win. They will also be able to interact with other individuals of the same class and who also have similar power and interests. Another cause of inequality in the capitalistic society is that there is an existing belief that the government influence has to be maintained at a minimal level (Sen and Foster1997). When the

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Plan - Essay Example Although, currently my cholesterol levels and glucose levels are controlled, which also significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but my habitual smoking and increased body fat are considerable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It has been proved through research that smoking doubles the risk for ischemic stroke and smoking acts along with other modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Smoking however, is also one of the risk factors which can be easily alterable. Smoking is also associated with premature morbidity and mortality leading to approximately 430,000 deaths per year in United States (Ockene and Miller 3243). A body mass index of 30 or more is considered obese and is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Being overweight increases the risk of increased blood cholestrol levels and triglyceride levels and also predisposes the person to diabetes and high blood pressure (National Inst ituite of Health). Cardiovascular diseases such as coronoray heart disease can be prevented by changes in lifestyle and different medicines. Since I am not suffering from high blood pressure and high cholestrol levels, I need to focus on changing my lifestyle in order to attain maximum prevention. Lifestyle changes that I strictly need to follow are following a healthy diet, being physically active, managing my weight and quit smoking. Stress management is also important and should be made a part of normal lifestyle. I should eat healthy diet which includes high fiber, low saturated and trans fat, high in omega-3 fatty acids and reducing daily salt and sugar intake (National Instituite of Health). Low-fat dairy products, fruits and vegetables, fish, legumes, poultry, lean meats, and grains are good sources of energy which also do not increase the risk to cardiovascular disease. According to guidelines I should reduce

Der Rattenfanger Essay Example for Free

Der Rattenfanger Essay Page fifteen opens with ‘pipe music’, this gives the audience a sense of what the story of Der Rattenfanger is about even if they fail to understand the German title. Pipe music is usually associated with the story of the Pied Piper, which is what we later discover Der Rattenfanger expresses. As Faith reads the title of Der Rattenfanger Eva asks her ‘Mutti’ the question of what an abyss is, this is significant in regards to describing the character of The Ratcatcher, an abyss is usually associated with separation and loss, both of which The Ratcatcher personifies. That he is mentioned with association to an abyss foreshadows what is to happen with Eva and the relationship that she currently shares with her ‘Mutti’. Page sixteen is the Ratcatcher’s first appearance in the play, he materialises from Faith and the audiences imagination and his first lines are rhetorical questions â€Å"Who is not counting? †, â€Å"Who has forgotten their blessings? † . The rhetorical questions are intended to influence the audiences’ opinion rather than requiring an answer to the questions posed. The cross-dialogue between Helga and The Ratcatcher ensures that all of The Ratcatcher’s lines are declaratives â€Å"I will find you†, â€Å"I will search you out whoever wherever you are†. This enforces the idea of The Ratcatcher being a dominant character, The simile â€Å"eyes as sharp as razors† creates the impression that The Ratcacther is a being who inspires fear and gives the idea of an entity that haunts one’s nightmares. The dynamic verbs that are used when describing The Ratcatcher’s speech are all associated with antagonists, â€Å"It hissed†, â€Å"It spat†, referring to The Ratcatcher as an ‘It’ rather than a he dehumanises the character and adds to the antagonist or even entity feel. â€Å"A train whistle blows. Sounds of busy railway station† the whistle of the train can be interpreted as symbolic of the Der Ratenfanger, the pied piper of Hamlen lured the children away from the town of Hamlen with his music when they refused to pay him for using the same method to rid them of their rat infestation, like the Ratcatcher the Kindertransport is taking the children away from their families and what they know into the unknown, it could also be a metaphor for Hitler, it was a direct result of his actions that led to the children being forced from their home country, rats is an nti-Semitic term for being Jewish, Goebbels wrote: â€Å"It is true that the Jew is a human being, but so is a Rat a living being – one that is none too pleasant . . . our duty towards both ourselves and our Conscience is to render it harmless. It is the same with the Jews†. The rats in the pied piper story could be interpreted as a metaphor for the children that would become victims of Nazi persecution. I will take the heart of your happiness away† I interpret the heart of you happiness as being a metaphor for the loss of the children in the town of Hamelyn. The Ratcatcher is omnipresent throughout the play, he embodies all of the male antagonists, the guard, the Nazi, the border guard, and the station guard, the organiser and the postman are all derived from him, each character appears and creates tension for the audience, they all inspire fear in Eva and are the embodiment of loss and separation for both Eva and Evelyn, e. . , the loss of Eva’s money to the officer who searches her on the kindertransport, in contrast to this the postman actually delivers a parcel to Eva, which we discover is a letter from her mother along with a Jewish prayer book and her story book Der Rattenfanger. It seems that even when Eva attempts to run from her past der rattenfanger is always there on the edge of her mind and steadily creeping closer. The Ratcatcher is the origin for provoking the characters and the audience into thinking about family and identity, he also forces the characters to contemplate how the present is affected by the past, and learning how to come to terms with our insecurities and fears, for instance at the end of Act one, Scene two where the â€Å"pipe music† and â€Å"shadow of the ratcatcher looms†, The Ratcatcher, who has already been established as an antagonist and representing fear and punishment foreshadows what is to come. By the end of this scene we begin to realize the depth that Eva’s insecurities and fear of The Ratcatcher run, the cross-dialogue of Eva speaking with her future self-Evelyn gives the audience the impression that Eva/Evelyn may suffer from a duel personality or in the very least a severe mental condition, Eva being the naive and frightened voice here whilst Evelyn is the mature and dependable voice. Evelyn’s closing line for this scene â€Å"He won’t take you anywhere ever again†. The he she refers to being the Ratcatcher, further enforces the idea that The Ratcatcher is the embodiment of loss and separation for Eva/Evelyn, the fact that Evelyn confronts the personification of her fear in this scene gives the audience the impression that Evelyn is beginning to come to terms with her past, although The Ratcatcher is still presented as a dark and brooding presence that Evelyn attempts to suppress and bury in the recess of her mind.

The Effect of Music on Psychology and Behavior Essay -- A Level Essays

The Effect of Music on Psychology and Behavior There have always been discussions of the effects music has on ones behavior, and how it’s related to Psychology. The truth has never really been verified among common knowledge, but it’s usually something that intrigues people. They say heavy metal and rap can make teenagers violent, sad and depressing music can make teenagers sad and depressed, and some say it’s best to listen to classical music when doing schoolwork because it makes your brain more active. There have been many people that reported how music has effects on their behavior. It can lift their mood, â€Å"fuel the fire† when they’re angry, or even make it easier for them to fall asleep. People never really get the chance to research the actual science of music, and how it changes people attitudes. It’s also interesting to think about how music plays a role in someone’s identity. Many articles found discuss the Social Identity Theory, and the people who conduct these experiments always keep this in mind, â€Å"Social identity theory (SIT; Tajfel, 1978; Tajfel & Turner, 1979) maintains that individuals gain a social identity from the groups to which they belong. The theorists claim that members have a desire to evaluate their own group positively and that they achieve positive evaluations through social comparisons with relevant other groups along valued dimensions. One maintains positive social identity and self-esteem through in-group favoritism, positive distinction from the out-group, and, occasionally, out-group derogation (e.g., Noel, Wann, & Branscombe, 1995)† (Tarrant, North, Hargreaves, 2001). Towson’s online database is an excellent place to research what has been found on music’s effects on psychology, and ... ... also determines their place in society. Ones place in society can then determine how their life will develop because you associate with the people and characteristics of that group. If one were to listen to rap and become associated with the people in that group, it’s likely that they will become sexually active and become involved in illicit drug use. This could then determine their education (whether or not they drop out of school) and eventually what they end up doing for a living. Music has a very strong influence on the lives of adolescents. It seems almost as if music has a stronger role than things like religion and politics. People usually think that music just determines how adolescents act, but after researching in depth you find that music determines much more than that. Music can be a determining factor in their education, social status, and their future.

Too Much Technology

What are the some of the arguments for and against the use of digital media? Technology has both positive and negative sides. Positive opinion about technology as we are able to find many sources of information quickly and easily as well as saving production cost. Technology that is negative opinion can influence our behavior, destroy our way of thinking, and the more severe impact of computer technology is also able to give rise to a number of diseases. 2.How might the brain affected by constant digital media usage? Digital media would greatly help us in the world as well as other technologies. However, if used continuously can cause health problems. Vision problems continued to decline also occur when using the computer for too long. Besides, the new studies suggest that digital technologies are damaging our ability to think clearly and focus. 3. Do you think these arguments outweigh the positives of digital media usage? Why or why not? As for me, I think the above is indeed the ne gative side of technology.However, in the orld of technology such as current location, we will have to use the technology so that we can continue to survive and not lose against our competitors. 4. What additional concerns are there for children using digital media? Should children under 8 use computers and cellphones? Why or why not? I think children under eight years old can use digital media, such as a computer or cellular phone. So they are able to advance digital media, and we hope that when they grow up, they are not stiff again using digital media. Of course parents should control their children by using it overtime. Too Much Technology By lulsfrfr

Roles of the Artist: Maya Lin

Artist: Maya Line There are one out of four roles that every artist could play and the one that I believe Maya Line plays is â€Å"Artists make a visual record of the people, places, and events of their time and place†. I believe that this is how I have see her portrayed in this film because all of the landmarks and monuments that she had made were all so great due to the personal factor of having the historical names and times written on them.One of the greatest accomplishments/landmarks she has made was the titian veterans memorial. She made it so simplistic yet powerful due to the great way she personalized it. She made it more personal by having all the full names written out chronologically by the year they were killed. This gave the families and the veterans more peace since everyone was recognized for what they have accomplished by serving our country. One more really great monument she had created was her civil rights memorial.That memorial showed all of the history an d moments that happened through the times of the civil rights movement and she also add it a platform where she was able to put water . The reason behind this was that she wanted people to be able to touch it and feel such a connection with It especially when the water started moving direction due to the touches it was getting. Maya Line was an artist/ architect that always wanted all of her work to have some sort of significance or personality.She Is an artist that makes a visual record of Important or significant events and adds a touch or such simplicity to where people could easily feel a connection to her work. She was not so appreciated when her design for the eternal memorial was chosen but when It was really put up everyone realized that the simplicity and chronological order Is what made people so emotionally connected / honored by It. These are the reasons why I believe that she Is an artist that makes visual records or times, places, and events of their time and place.One this I notices was such a big thing that was Inspiring a lot of the art she made was water. I believe she said It had a timelessness about It that made It so continuous and light I do believe the personal touch she adds to each piece of art she creates which to me makes her a better artist. By Jasmine 2 that she wanted people to be able to touch it and feel such a connection with it of significance or personality.She is an artist that makes a visual record of important veterans memorial was chosen but when it was really put up everyone realized that the simplicity and chronological order is what made people so emotionally connected / honored by it. These are the reasons why I believe that she is an artist this I notices was such a big thing that was inspiring a lot of the art she made was water. I believe she said it had a timelessness about it that made it so continuous

What is Justice essays

What is Justice essays Justice is a term used in many different contexts and has a range of subtle meanings. A common definition of justice is "The quality of being just; integrity, impartiality; rightness; the awarding of what is due: the (Chamber's Dictionary). This shows that justice can be perceived in many different ways; from the implementation of laws to moral and ethical and I understand the term justice in its broadest sense. I tend to view justice in a more Platonic way. Justice as a concept should not be separated from other related concepts such as morality, ethics and compassion. However, the idealistic view of justice must be married to the practical, and there are legal aspects of justice that need to be spelled out. These include aspects such as the protection of rights and property. However, the legal practicalities of law should never be dissociated from the wider moral context of humanity and understanding. The following quotation expresses the concept of justice as I understand it. "The concept of social justice is best understood as forming one part of the broader concept of justice in general. To comprehend it properly, we should begin by looking at justice as a whole, and then attempt to mark off that division of justice which we call social justice. It takes only a little reflection to realize that the terms 'just' and 'justice' have a broad use. (Miller, 1979, p. 17) The Platonic sense of justice is also relevant to understanding Justice in its "broadest context." Plato placed a high degree of emphasis on justice in his philosophy and he believed that justice was a cure for many of the social evils of his time. Justice, in his philosophy, is seen to be an important part of human nature, a virtue, which is in fact a form ...

Battle of Albuera in the Peninsular War

Battle of Albuera in the Peninsular War Battle of Albuera -Conflict Date: The Battle of Albuera was fought on May 16, 1811, and was part of the Peninsular War, which was part of the larger Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Armies Commanders: Allies Marshal William BeresfordLieutenant General Joaquin Blake35,884 men French Marshal Jean de Dieu Soult24,260 men Battle of Albuera - Background: Advancing north in early 1811, to support French efforts in Portugal, Marshal Jean de Dieu Soult invested the fortress city of Badajoz on January 27. After stubborn Spanish resistance, the city fell on March 11. Learning of Marshal Claude Victor-Perrins defeat at Barrosa the next day, Soult left a strong garrison under Marshal Édouard Mortier and retreated south with the bulk of his army. With his situation in Portugal improving, Viscount Wellington dispatched Marshal William Beresford to Badajoz with the goal of relieving the garrison. Departing on March 15, Beresford learned of the citys fall and slowed the pace of his advance. Moving with 18,000 men, Beresford scattered a French force at Campo Maior on March 25, but was subsequently delayed by a wide range of logistical issues. Finally laying siege to Badajoz on May 4, the British were forced to cobble together a siege train by taking guns from the nearby fortress town of Elvas. Reinforced by the remnants of the Army of Estremadura and the arrival a Spanish army under General Joaquà ­n Blake, Beresfords command numbered over 35,000 men. Battle of Albuera - Soult Moves: Underestimating the size of the Allied force, Soult gathered 25,000 men and began marching north to relieve the Badajoz. Earlier in the campaign, Wellington has met with Beresford and suggested the heights near Albuera as a strong position should Soult return. Utilizing information from his scouts, Beresford determined that Soult intended to move through the village on his way to Badajoz. On May 15, Beresfords cavalry, under Brigadier General Robert Long, encountered the French near Santa Marta. Making a hasty retreat, Long abandoned the east bank of the Albuera River without a fight. Battle of Albuera - Beresford Responds: For this he was sacked by Beresford and replaced by Major General William Lumley. Through the day on the 15th, Beresford moved his army into positions overlooking the village and river. Placing Major General Charles Altens Kings German Legion Brigade in the village proper, Beresford deployed Major General John Hamiltons Portuguese division and his Portuguese cavalry on his left wing. Major General William Stewarts 2nd Division was placed directly behind the village. Through the night additional troops arrived and Blakes Spanish divisions were deployed to extend the line south. Battle of Albuera - The French Plan: Major General Lowry Coles 4th Division arrived in the early morning of May 16 after marching south from Badajoz. Unaware that the Spanish had joined with Beresford, Soult devised a plan for assaulting Albuera. While Brigadier General Nicolas Godinots troops attacked the village, Soult intended to take the bulk of his troops in a wide flank attack on the Allied right. Screened by olive groves and freed from the hassle of Allied cavalry, Soult began his flanking march as Godinots infantry moved forward with cavalry support. Battle of Albuera - The Fight is Joined: To sell the diversion, Soult advanced Brigadier General Franà §ois Werlà ©s men on Godinots left, causing Beresford to reinforce his center. As this occurred, French cavalry, then infantry appeared on the Allied right. Recognizing the threat, Beresford ordered Blake to shift his divisions to face south, while ordering the 2nd and 4th Divisions to move to support the Spanish. Lumleys cavalry was dispatched to cover the right flank of the new line, while Hamiltons men shifted to aid in the fighting at Albuera. Ignoring Beresford, Blake only turned four battalions from General Gen Josà © Zayas division. Seeing Blakes dispositions, Beresford returned to the scene and personally issued orders to bring the rest of the Spanish into line. Before this could be accomplished, Zayas men were assaulted by the division of General Jean-Baptiste Girard. Immediately behind Girard, was General Honorà © Gazans division with Werlà © in reserve. Attacking in a mixed formation, Girards infantry met fierce resistance from the outnumbered Spaniards but were able to slowly push them back. To support Zayas, Beresford sent forward Stewarts 2nd Division. Rather than forming behind the Spanish line as ordered, Stewart moved around the end of their formation and attacked with Lieutenant Colonel John Colbornes brigade. After meeting initial success, a heavy hail storm erupted during which Colbornes men were decimated by an attack on their flank by French cavalry. Despite this disaster, the Spanish line stood firm causing Girard to halt his assault. The pause in the fighting allowed Beresford to form Major General Daniel Houghton and Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Abercrombies behind the Spanish lines. Advancing them forward, they relieved the battered Spanish and met Gazans attack. Focusing on Houghtons segment of the line, the French battered the defending British. In brutal fighting, Houghton was killed, but line held. Watching the action, Soult, realizing he was badly outnumbered, began to lose his nerve. Advancing across the field, Coles 4th Division entered the fray. To counter, Soult dispatched cavalry to attack Coles flank, while Werlà ©s troops were thrown at his center. Both attacks were defeated, though Coles men suffered heavily. As the French were engaging Cole, Abercrombie pivoted his relatively fresh brigade and charged into Gazan and Girard’s flank driving them from the field. Defeated, Soult brought up troops to cover his retreat. Battle of Albuera - Aftermath: One of the bloodiest battles of the Peninsular War, the Battle of Albuera cost Beresford 5,916 casualties (4,159 British, 389 Portuguese and 1,368 Spaniards), while Soult suffered between 5,936 and 7,900. While a tactical victory for the Allies, the battle proved to be of little strategic consequence as they were forced to abandon their siege of Badajoz a month later. Both commanders have been criticized for their performance in the battle with Beresford failing to use Coles division earlier in the fight and Soult being unwilling to commit his reserves to the assault. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of AlbueraPeninsular War: Battle of AlbueraHistory of War: Battle of Albuera

PR Functions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PR Functions - Case Study Example PR performs both organizational and societal functions influencing internal workers and wife target audience. Organizational detention involves workers and investors, management policies and the Board of Directors, etc. At this level, PR bridges information gaps in distribution channels, help coordinate the total marketing system, and adjust products and services to customer needs. Press releases and investors information are integral components of the communications mix (Apple Home Page 2008). Self-image is a function of societal norms. Group membership and group belonging relate directly to self-esteem and favorable self-image; acceptance and the grant of status by various organizations embellish the phenomenal self. The ability of groups to foster the development of more favorable self-images encourages belonging; the ability of products, symbols, services, communications, and other aspects of the marketing program to enhance the self-image encourages consumption behavior. One of the bases for understanding consumer behavior in its psychological and sociological dimensions, the self-image concept adds an important perspective to economic theories of consumption and is directly related to motivation (Gillin, 2007). At the societal level, Apple addresses all stakeholders including society and potential customers, IT professionals and economists, etc. At this level, the value of information about product characteristics varies directly with buyers' costs of search. When transactions and search costs are sufficiently small, buyers search more intensively and the additional advantage of intensive specialized search diminishes. The opposite is true for those with high search costs. Indeed, if search costs are sufficiently high it may not even pay to enter the differentiated products market at all (Gillin, 2007). The value of attribute information also depends on the difference between each consumer's preferences and market availabilities. If individual consumers exhibit little dispersion in their preferences and search costs, the gross value of advertising product characteristics is small and its net social value may be even negative, for the same reason it was in some of the examples in the sectio n above on advertising and perceptions. Since advance knowledge of attributes allows customers to specialize search activities in the most preferred varieties, the value of catering to particular groups is correspondingly greater when there is greater dispersion in tastes among buyers (Apple Home Page 2008). The aim of PR is to maintain relations with stakeholders and create a unique image of the company. The value and importance of PR is that a buyer cannot afford to investigate all of the alternative qualities of the products in the market. If Apple can increase profit and sales by offering a genuinely superior design and price in comparison with the existing configuration, there remains a possibility of accomplishing a similar result by changing buyers' perceptions of an existing good. So far as individual firms are concerned, these activities have the same initial effects on sales and profit as were examined in the preceding section. But the nature of market equilibrium and the social consequences of such actions are markedly different (Apple Home Page