War in Iraq and Afganistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

War in Iraq and Afganistan - Essay Example They were office workers, waiters, police, firemen, moms, dads, friends and neighbors. Thereafter began an era of hunting for the terrorists and their links. It involved gathering info from everywhere with techniques like cyber-snooping. Attention was diverted towards Afghanistan as there was no regime as such. The ruling combine called Taliban did not believe in human rights and controlled the country with terror at gun point. Women were treated like third class citizens, not allowed to attend public functions and schools. One prosperous sheikh from Saudi Arab called Osama Bin Laden was there to help the regime with finances and arms. He had his own set of people ranging from nuclear scientists, engineers, villagers and other trusted lieutenants around him. They had their own ideology of calling the countries like US, UK, India, Israel etc. as the enemies of Muslims. For this very reason they gave calls for Jihad against these countries in particular. Afghanistan has the misfortune of being in news for all the wrong reasons since the late 1970s. It was in 1979 that Soviet troupes from the then USSR invaded Afghanistan and engineered a regime change. These forces remained in Afghanistan for the next 10 years, but no t before resistance forces were armed with lethal weapons and trained manpower. Thereafter began a bloody era of revenge when the erstwhile President was hanged in broad daylight in the middle of the road. This bloody has not stopped since then. The areas bordering Pakistan are still full of sympathizers for the terror machine led by the likes of Osama Bin Laden. Prior to 9/11, the world paid little attention towards these terror machines owing to a range of geopolitical issues and diplomatic concerns. But thereafter all eyes were focused towards the regimes which were considered to be unfriendly towards the European nations. Information was being compiled and analyzed from nations like Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Libya. This analysis led to the belief that Afghanistan is the hub of activities for producing the terror suspects while the regime led by President Saddam Hussain was considered having a friendly approach towards the terror suspects. All these factors resulted into formation of a coalition led by US in war against terrorism and the hunting down of the remnants of al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan. Though US had forces had earlier bombed some selected targets in Afghanistan, but these bombs failed to find the intended target. This time US did not want to take chances and launched a full-fledged war against terror in Afghanistan. It began on October 7, 2001 when the coalition forces launched the aerial attacks, followed by ground forces advancements. In fact many countries have been tackling this menace of terrorism for many years. This way there has been an ongoing war against terrorism. But the term 'The War on Terrorism' is the name given to the military and diplomatic campaign launched by the United States, with support from NATO and other allies. Stated goal of this campaign is to end international terrorism by preventing 'terrorist' groups from carrying out further attacks. Majority of these groups are Islamists like al-Qaeda, Hezbollah and Hamas. Afghanistan is now free of Taliban government and at present led by President Hamid Karzai with active support from the coalition forces. But the cause of concern is that the main suspect

Project Management in the Saudi Organizations Dissertation

Project Management in the Saudi Organizations - Dissertation Example 16 2.3 Projects and Operations 17 2.4 Strategic fit between organizational and project management 19 2.5 Project Management Knowledge Areas 24 2.6 Overlap between Project Management and other management disciplines 31 2.7 Organizational Influences in Project Management 33 2.8 Performance Measurement constructed 39 2.9 Types of Performance Measures 40 2.10 Attributes of performance measures 41 2.11 Organisational Metrics Categories 43 2.12 Synthesis and research gap 45 Chapter 3: Methodology 48 3.1 Chapter Overview 48 3.2 Aims and objectives of research 48 3.3 Nature of research 49 3.4 Research Philosophy 49 3.5 Research approaches 49 3.7 Data collection methods 51 3.7.1 Questionnaire 51 3.8 Setting of research 52 3.8.1 Unit of Analysis 52 3.9 Population and sample 52 3.9.1 Population 52 3.9.3 Sample Method 53 3.10 Research instrument 53 3.11 Data analysis 54 3.11.1 Methodology Limitations 55 3.11.2 Research Limitations 56 3.11.3 Ethical Considerations 56 3.11.4 Validity and Reliabili ty 56 3.12 Chapter summary 57 Chapter 4 – Data Presentation and Analysis 59 4.1 Chapter Overview 59 4.2 Respondents’ Profile 59 4.3 Importance of Project Management Knowledge Areas and Organizational Performance Measures 63 4.4 Impact of Organisational Performance Measures on Knowledge Areas of Project Management 66 4.5 Results of Paired Casewise T-Test analysis 69 4.6 Chapter Summary 72 The just-concluded chapter presents the data collected by survey questionnaire and spot interview pursuant to the research design and methodology discussed in the preceding chapter. Data on the respondents’ profile, the importance they ascribe the variables identified,... The evolution of organisational structure has been generally responsive to the changing demands of the business and economic environment, in order for firms to ensure survival during downturns and maintain competitiveness in anticipation of recovery. One recent trend that has been largely inspired by the implementation of total quality management in large-scale manufacturing organisations is the move towards more project-based operations and leaner, flatter organisational hierarchies.In relation to this development, management systems and practices have likewise felt the need to evolve together with the organisational structure; however, long-time policies and standards that are in place are not easily or quickly adjusted to suit the new structure. One such system is the body or organisational performance measures which are applied to organisational units to determine their level of performance and by which to assist decision-making, rewards implementation for excellent performance, and adjustments or sanctions for laggard performance. The introductory chapter sets the context of the research and identifies the problem it seeks to address. The background to the topic under study is provided to impart to the reader an understanding of the issue to be resolved. The research objectives and problem statement are thereafter stated to draw focus on the precise intentions of the research.